I. Regulatory Mgbanwe nke FERC 2222 & V2G
Iwu Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 2222, ewepụtara na 2020, gbanwere ikesa ikesa ike (DER) na ahịa ọkụ eletrik. Iwu akara ala a nyere iwu ka ndị otu na-ebufe mpaghara (RTO) na ndị na-ahụ maka sistemu nọọrọ onwe ha (ISO) inye ndị ahịa ohere ịnweta DER aggregators, na-ejikọta teknụzụ Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) n'ime sistemu azụmaahịa ọkụ eletrik na nke mbụ.
- Dabere na data njikọ njikọ PJM, ndị na-achịkọta V2G nwetara ego $32/MWh sitere na ọrụ nhazi ugboro ugboro na 2024, na-anọchite anya 18% adịchaghị karịa akụrụngwa ọgbọ. Ọganihu ndị isi gụnyere:Oke ikike ewepụrụ: Oke nsonye kacha nta belata site na 2MW ruo 100kW (dabere na 80% nke ụyọkọ V2G)
- Azụmahịa Cross-Node: Na-enye ohere ịchaji/ịkwasa usoro kachasị mma gafere ọnụ ọnụ ọnụ ahịa dị iche iche.
- Ndebanye aha njirimara abụọ: EV nwere ike ịdebanye aha dị ka ibu na akụrụngwa ọgbọ
II. Akụkụ bụ isi nke oke ntinye ego V2G
1. Ego ọrụ ahịa
• Iwu ugboro ugboro (FRM): Akaụntụ maka 55-70% nke mkpokọta V2G ego, na-achọ ± 0.015Hz ziri ezi na ahịa CAISO
• Ike Ike: NYSO na-akwụ $45/kW-afọ maka nnweta V2G
• Mkpịsị Ike Ike: Na-enyefe ihe dị iche iche ọnụahịa oge-eji ($0.28/kWh elu-ndagwurugwu gbasaa na PJM 2024)
2. Usoro nkenye ọnụ ahịa
3. Ngwa njikwa ihe egwu
• Ikike nnyefe ego (FTR): Mkpọchi ego mkpọnwụ
• Mwepụta ihu igwe: Mgbanwe arụmọrụ batrị n'oge oke okpomọkụ
• Blockchain Smart Contracts: Kwado mmezi oge na ahịa ERCOT
III. Ntụle atụnyere ụdị ego enwetara
Nlereanya 1: Nkewa a kapachara
• Ọnọdụ: Mmalite/ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri
• Ọmụmụ ihe: Electrify America & Amazon Logistics (onye ọrụ 85/15 nkewa / onye nwe ya)
• Mmachi: Enweghị mmetụta maka mgbanwe ọnụahịa ahịa
Nlereanya 2: Oke oke
• Usoro:
Ego onye nwe ya = α × Ọnụ Ahịa + β× Ịkwụ Ụgwọ Ike - γ × Ọnụ Mbelata (α=0.65, β=0.3, γ=0.05 nkezi ụlọ ọrụ)• Uru: Achọrọ maka enyemaka gọọmentị etiti mmemme NEVI
Nlereanya 3: Nlereanya dabere nha nha nha
• Ihe ọhụrụ:
• Ford Pro Charging na-enye asambodo nsonye ego
• 0.0015% nha nha nha nha nke MWh
IV. Ihe ịma aka nnabata & ngwọta
1. Data Transparency chọrọ
• ezigbo oge telemetry nzuko ụkpụrụ NERC CIP-014 (≥0.2Hz sampling)
• Nyochaa okporo ụzọ site na iji FERC-717 ngwọta blockchain kwadoro
2. Mgbochi njikwa ahịa
• Mgbochi ahịa algọridim na-achọpụta usoro adịghị mma
• Oke ọnọdụ 200MW maka mkpokọta na NYSO
3. Ihe nkwekọrịta onye ọrụ
• Mwepu akwụkwọ ikike batrị (> okirikiri 300 kwa afọ)
• Ikike nchụpụ amanyere iwu n'oge ihe mberede (nrube isi steeti akọwapụtara)
V. Ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ụlọ ọrụ
Ikpe 1: California School District Project
• Nhazi: ụgbọ ala eletrik 50 (Lion Electric) nwere nchekwa 6MWh
• iyi ego enwetara:
82% CAISO ụkpụrụ ugboro
13% ihe mkpali SGIP
5% nkwụnye ego ụgwọ ọrụ
• Kewara: 70% district / 30% onye ọrụ
Ikpe 2: Tesla Virtual Power Plant 3.0
• Ihe ọhụrụ:
Na-achịkọta batrị Powerwall & EV
Nkwalite nchekwa dị ike (7: 3 oke ụlọ / ụgbọ ala)
Arụmọrụ 2024: $1,280 kwa afọ/ego onye ọrụ
VI. Ọdịnihu & amụma amụma
Ụkpụrụ Evolution:
SAE J3072 kwalite (500kW+ bidirectional chaja)
IEEE 1547-2028 nkwekọ nkwubi okwu
Ihe ọhụrụ ụdị azụmaahịa:
Mbelata mkpuchi dabere na ojiji (pilot na-aga n'ihu)
Ị nweta ego carbon (0.15t CO2e/MWh n'okpuru WCI)
Mmepe usoro iwu:
Ọwa mmezi V2G nke FERC nyere iwu (atụ anya 2026)
NERC PRC-026-3 usoro nchekwa cyber
Oge nzipu: Feb-12-2025